| Abatement: Involves either removal of the painted
surface, covering the painted surface with an impermeable surface,
or covering surface with heavy-duty coating (encapsulate). |
| Abrasion Resistance: Resistance to being worn away by
rubbing or friction. Abrasion resistance is a matter of toughness,
rather than hardness. It is a necessary quality for floor finishes,
enamels and varnishes. |
| Acrylic: A synthetic resin used in high-performance
water-based coatings. A coating in which the binder contains acrylic
resins. |
| Adhesion: The ability of dry paint to attach to and
remain fixed on the surface without blistering, flaking, cracking or
being removed by tape. |
| Aerosol: A product that uses compressed gas to spray the
coating from its container. |
| Air Cure: One method by which liquid coatings cure to a
dry film. Oxygen from the air enters the film and cross-links the
resin molecules. Also called "Air Dry" and "Oxidizing." |
| Alkyd: Synthetic resin modified with oil. Coating that
contains alkyd resins in the binder. |
| Alligatoring: Paint film cracking that makes the surface
look like alligator skin. |
| Aluminum Paint: A paint that includes aluminum particles
and gives a metallic finish when dried |
| Amide: A functional group which can act as an epoxy resin
curing agent. |
| Anti-fouling Paint: Paints formulated especially for boat
decks and hulls, docks and other below-water-line surfaces and
structures to prevent the growth of barnacles and other organisms on
ships' bottoms. |
| Binder: Solid ingredients in a coating that hold the
pigment particles in suspension and attach them to the substrate.
Consists of resins (e.g., oils, alkyd, latex). The nature and amount
of binder determine many of the paint's performance properties--washability,
toughness, adhesion, color retention, etc. |
| Blistering: Formation of dome-shaped projections in
paints or varnish films resulting from local loss of adhesion and
lifting of the film from the underlying surface. |
| Body: The thickness or viscosity of a fluid. |
| Boiled Oil: Linseed (sometimes Soya) oil that was
formerly heated for faster drying. Today, chemical agents are added
to speed up the drying process. |
| Breathe: Permit the passage of moisture vapor through a
paint film without causing blistering, cracking or peeling. |
| Butadiene: A gas which is chemically combined with
styrene to create a resin used in latex binders, styrene-butadiene. |
| Catalyst: Substance whose presence increases the rate of
a chemical reaction, e.g., acid catalyst added to an epoxy resin
system to accelerate drying time. |
| Chalking: Formation of a powder on the surface of a paint
film caused by disintegration of the binder during weathering. Can
be affected by the choice of pigment or binder. |
| Clear Coating: A transparent protective and/or decorative
film; generally the final coat of sealer applied to automotive
finishes. |
| Coalescent Aid: The small amount of solvent contained in
latex coatings. Not a true solvent since it does not actually
dissolve the latex resins, the coalescent aid helps the latex resins
flow together, aiding in film formation. |
| Coating: A paint, varnish, lacquer or other finish used
to create a protective and/or decorative layer. Generally used to
refer to paints and coatings applied in an industrial setting as
part of the original equipment manufacturer's (OEM) process. |
| Cohesion: A bonding together of a single substance to
itself. Internal adhesion. |
| Colorant: Concentrated color (dyes or pigments) that can
be added to paints to make specific colors. |
| Color chip: A color sample usually consisting of a paint
applied to a small piece of card (a chip). |
| Colorfast: Non-fading in prolonged exposure to light. |
| Color Retention: The ability of paint to keep its
original color. Major threats to color retention are exposure to
ultraviolet radiation and abrasion by weather or repeated cleaning. |
| Corrosion Inhibitive: A type of metal paint or primer
that prevents rust by preventing moisture from reaching the metal.
Zinc phosphate, barium metaborate and strontium chromate (all
pigments) are common ingredients in corrosion-inhibitive coatings.
These pigments absorb any moisture that enters the paint film. |
| Creosote: A liquid coating made from coal tar once used
as a wood preservative. It has been banned for consumer use because
of potential health risks. |
| Cure, Curing: The process whereby a liquid coating
becomes a hard film. |
| Cutting-in: The brushing technique that is used when a
clean, sharp edge is needed. Cutting-in is needed, for example, for
a window sash (using a sash brush), the top of a wall where it meets
the ceiling, and in areas that are hard to reach (especially when
using a roller). |
| Cut-in trim guide: A tool to protect adjacent surfaces
when painting up against them. |
| Dead Flat: No gloss or sheen. |
| Diluent: A liquid used in coatings to reduce the
consistency and make a coating flow more easily. The water in latex
coatings is a diluent. A diluent may also be called a "Reducer,"
"Thinner," "Reducing Agent" or "Reducing Solvent." |
| Driers: Various compounds added to coatings to speed the
drying. |
| Dry Colors: Powder-type colors to be mixed with water,
alcohol or mineral spirits and resin to form a paint or stain. |
| Drying Oil: An oil that when exposed to air will dry to a
solid through chemical reaction with air: linseed oil, tung oil,
perilla, fish oil, soybean oil. |
| Earth Pigments: Those pigments that are obtained from the
earth, including barytes, ocher, chalk and graphite. |
| Eggshell: Gloss lying between semigloss and flat. |
| Emulsion: A mixture of solids suspended in a liquid. |
| Emulsion Paint: Coating in which resins are suspended in
water, then flow together with the aid of an emulsifier. Example:
latex paint. |
| Enamel: Broad classification of paints that dry to a
hard, usually glossy finish. Most equipment-coating enamels require
baking. Enamels for walls do not. |
| Epoxy: Extremely tough and durable synthetic resin used
in some coatings. Epoxy coatings are extremely tough, durable and
highly resistant to chemicals, abrasion, moisture and alcohol. |
| Extender: Ingredients added to paint to increase
coverage, reduce cost, achieve durability, alter appearance, control
rheology and influence other desirable properties. Less expensive
than prime hiding pigments such as titanium dioxide. Examples:
barium sulphate, calcium carbonate, clay, gypsum, silica, talc. May
also improve coating performance. |
| Film Build: Amount of thickness produced in an
application. Millimeters (mils) of dry film per mils of applied wet
film. |
| Film Thickness: Depth or thickness of the dry coating in
millimeters. |
| Fire Resistance: The ability of a coating to withstand
fire or to protect the substrate to which it is applied from fire
damage. |
| Fire Retardant: A coating which will (1) reduce flame
spread, (2) resist ignition when exposed to high temperature or (3)
insulate the substrate and delay damage to the substrate. |
| Flat: A surface that scatters or absorbs the light
falling on it so as to be substantially free from gloss or sheen
(0-15 gloss on a 60-degree gloss meter). |
| Forced Dry: Baking the paint between room temperature and
150ø F to speed the drying process. |
| Galvanizing: Process in which a thin coating of zinc is
applied to iron or steel to prevent rust. |
| Gloss: The luster or shininess of paints and coatings.
Different types of gloss are frequently arbitrarily differentiated,
such as sheen, distinctness-of-image gloss, etc. Trade practice
recognizes the following gloss levels, in increasing order of gloss:
flat (or matte)-- practically free from sheen, even when viewed from
oblique angles (usually less than 15 on 60-degree meter); eggshell--
usually 20-35 on 60-degree meter; semi-gloss--usually 35-70 on
60-degree meter; full-gloss--smooth and almost mirror-like surface
when viewed from all angles, usually above 70 on 60-degree meter. |
| Gloss Meter: A device for measuring the light reflectance
of coatings. Different brands with the same description (such as
semi-gloss or flat) may have quite different ratings on the gloss
meter. |
| Hardener: Curing agent for epoxies or fiberglass. |
| HEPA Vacuum: High-efficiency particulate air-filtered
vacuum designed to remove lead- contaminated dust. |
| Inert: A material that will not react chemically with
other ingredients. |
| In-place Management: A series of steps used as an
alternative to lead-based paint removal. Improves condition of
intact lead-based paint to reduce and/or eliminate hazards without
total removal. |
| Intumescence: A mechanism whereby fire-retardant paints
protect the substrates to which they are applied. An intumescent
paint puffs up when exposed to high temperatures, forming an
insulating, protective layer over the substrate. |
| Lacquer: A fast-drying usually clear coating that is
highly flammable and dries by solvent evaporation only. Can be
reconstituted after drying by adding solvent. |
| Latex-based Paint: General term used for water-based
emulsion paints made with synthetic binders such as 100% acrylic,
vinyl acrylic, terpolymer or styrene acrylic. A stable emulsion of
polymers and pigment in water. |
| Lead: A metal, previously used as a pigment in paints.
Discontinued in the early 1950s by industry consensus standard, and
banned by the Consumer Products Safety Commission in 1978 because of
its toxicity. |
| Linseed Oil: Drying oil made from the flax seed. Used as
a solvent in many oil- based paints. "Boiled" linseed oil can be
used to protect wood from water damage. Sometimes used as a
furniture polish. |
| Liquid Driers: Solution of soluble driers in organic
solvents. |
| Lithopone: A white pigment of barium sulfate and zinc
sulfide. |
| Marine Paint: Coating specially designed for immersion in
water and exposure to marine atmosphere. (See also Anti-fouling
Paint) |
| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): Information sheet that
lists any hazardous substance that comprises one percent or more of
the product's total volume. Also lists procedures to follow in the
event of fire, explosion, leak or exposure to hazardous substance by
inhalation, ingestion or contact with skin or eyes. Coatings
manufacturers are required to provide retailers with an MSDS for
every product they sell to the retailer. Sales clerks should make
MSDSs available to retail customers. |
| Mineral Spirits: Paint thinner. Solvent distilled from
petroleum. |
| Monomer: Substance composed of low molecular weight
molecules capable of reacting with like or unlike molecules to form
a polymer. |
| Naphtha: A petroleum distillate used mostly by
professionals (as opposed to do-it- yourself painters) for cleanup
and to thin solvent-based coatings. A volatile organic compound (see
VOC). |
| Natural Resins: Resins from trees, plants, fish and
insects. Examples: damars, copals. |
| Nonvolatile: The portion of a coating left after the
solvent evaporates; sometimes called the solids content. |
| Oil Paint: A paint that contains drying oil, oil varnish
or oil-modified resin as the film-forming ingredient. The term is
commonly and incorrectly used to refer to any paint soluble by
organic solvents. |
| Oleoresin: A natural plant product that contains oil and
resins. Turpentine is an example. |
| Oxidation: Chemical reaction upon exposure to oxygen.
Some coatings cure by oxidation, when oxygen enters the liquid
coating and cross-links the resin molecules. This film-forming
method is also called "Air Cure" and "Air Dry." (Oxidation also
causes rust on bare metals.) |
| Paint: A coating including resin, a solvent, additives,
pigments and, in some products, a diluent. Paints are generally
opaque, and commonly represent the portion of the industry known as
"architectural coatings." |
| Paint Remover: A chemical that softens old paint or
varnish and permits it to be easily scraped off. Also called
"stripper." |
| Paint Thinner: See Mineral Spirits |
| Penetrating Finish: A finish that sinks into the
substrate, as opposed to settling on the surface. |
| Pigment: Insoluble, finely ground materials that give
paint its properties of color and hide. Titanium dioxide is the most
important pigment used to provide hiding in paint. Other pigments
include anatase titanium, barium metaborate, barium sulphate, burnt
sienna, burnt umber, carbon black, China clay, chromium oxide, iron
oxide, lead carbonate, strontium chromate, Tuscan red, zinc oxide,
zinc phosphate and zinc sulfide. |
| Polymer: Substance, the molecules of which consist of one
or more structural units repeated any number of times; vinyl resins
are examples of true polymers. |
| Polymerization: The interlocking of molecules by chemical
reaction to produce very large molecules. The process of making
plastics and plastic-based resins. |
| Polyvinyl Chloride: A synthetic resin used in the binders
of coatings. Tends to discolor under exposure to ultraviolet
radiation. Commonly called "vinyl." |
| Primer: First complete coat of paint of a painting system
applied to a surface. Such paints are designed to provide adequate
adhesion to new surfaces or are formulated to meet the special
requirements of the surfaces. |
| Propellant: The gas used to expel materials from aerosol
containers. |
| Resin: Synthetic or natural material used as the binder
in coatings. Can be translucent or transparent, solid or semi-solid.
Examples: acrylic, alkyd, copal ester, epoxy, polyurethane,
polyvinyl chloride, silicone. |
| Rosin: Natural resin obtained from living pine trees or
from dead tree stumps and knots. |
| Semi-gloss Finish: Finish that has a low luster sheen.
Semi-gloss paints are formulated to give this result (usually 35-70
degrees on a 60-degree meter). |
| Shellac: A coating made from purified lac dissolved in
alcohol, often bleached white. |
| Silicone: A resin used in the binders of coatings. Also
used as an additive to provide specific properties, e.g., defoamer.
Paints containing silicone are very slick and resist dirt, graffiti
and bacterial growth, and are stable in high heat. |
| Solids: The part of the coating that remains on a surface
after the vehicle has evaporated. The dried paint film. Also called
Nonvolatile. |
| Solvent: Any liquid which can dissolve a resin. Generally
refers to the liquid portion of paints and coatings that evaporates
as the coating dries. |
| Source Reduction: Steps taken to reduce waste generation
and toxicity at the source through more effective utilization of raw
materials and reformulation. |
| Specular Gloss: Mirror-like finish (usually 60 degrees on
a 60-degree meter). |
| Substrate: Any surface to which a coating is applied. |
| Titanium Dioxide: White pigment in virtually all white
paints. Prime hiding pigment in most paints. |
| Turpentine: Distilled pine oil, used as a cleaner,
solvent or thinner for oil-based and alkyd coatings. |
| Urethane: An important resin in the coatings industry. A
true urethane coating is a two-component product that cures when an
isocyanate (the catalyst) prompts a chemical reaction that unites
the components. |
| Vehicle: Portion of a coating that includes all liquids
and the binder. The vehicle and the pigment are the two basic
components of paint. |
| Vinyl: See Polyvinyl Chloride |
| Viscosity: The property of a fluid whereby it tends to
resist relative motion within itself. |
| Volatility: The defining quality of a liquid that
evaporates quickly when exposed to air. |
| Volatile Organic Compound, (VOC): Organic chemicals and petrochemicals that emit vapors while evaporating. In paints, VOC generally refers to the solvent portion of the paint which, when it evaporates, results in the formation of paint film on the substrate to which it was applied. |
Volume Solids: Solid ingredients as a percentage of total ingredients. The volume of pigment plus binder divided by the total volume, expressed as a percent. High-volume solids mean a thicker dry film with improved durability.
| Water-based: Coatings in which the majority of the liquid content is water. |
| White Lead: Lead carbonate |
|
#4. Drywall and Painting for Home or Business by Jersey Shore Workers 
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Contactors & Companies, Information & References. Our Recommendations.
